Relative-strength investing is simply a type of momentum investing. It involves buying the best-performing stocks (relative to the market) and holding them until their momentum changes course.To most investors, especially those considered value investors, this strategy probably sounds ridiculous. After all, most people have heard the phrase "buy low, sell high." Since relative-strength investors buy stocks that are already outperforming today, many view this style of investing as counterintuitive.
But that's a mistake... and it's one many people make whenever they approach a stock pick.
Most investors have been trained to think that the stocks with the most upside potential are those that are the most "undervalued." The definition of undervalued varies by investor, but normally people define it using metrics like low price-to-earnings ratios, price-to-book ratios or discounted price-to-sales values.
The problem is that this kind of approach leads investors to pass up the market's best-performing stocks in favor of the ones doing the worst. Since underperforming investments usually sport the "lowest valuations," we tend to think these stocks are the more attractive buys.
Metaphorically speaking, this is like abandoning a luxury yacht in favor of sailing around the world in a leaky shrimp boat because buying a ticket on the shrimp boat can save you half the cost of your trip.
Don't get me wrong, I like saving money, but I'll gladly take the yacht if it means I'm going to enjoy my vacation and get back home alive.
Unfortunately, when it comes to investing, most people don't look at stocks like that. They see a great-performing company with an average or premium valuation (the yacht) as riskier than an underperforming stock with a low valuation (the leaky shrimp boat).
Research has proven that this is a terrible fallacy. It turns out that the best-performing stocks, the ones already beating the market today, are in fact the best investments to own... at least in the medium term.
One of the best studies on this phenomenon was done by the asset-management firm AQR Capital Management. They looked at U.S. stocks going all the way back to 1927. What they found was that at any given time, the stocks that were outperforming 80% of the market continued to outperform for at least the next 12 months.
The same thing goes for the underperforming stocks. The bottom 20% of performers continued to underperform over the same period.
This idea is the central concept underpinning relative-strength investing. Relative-strength investors rank stocks based on performance, buy the best performers and sell that stock when the momentum changes course.
If it sounds too easy, that's because it is. Yet despite its simplicity, this strategy has been executed with staggering results.
For example, AQR found that using a relative-strength strategy, the firm was able to outperform their benchmarks in nearly every investing category (including mid caps, blue chips and small caps).
What's more, James P. O'Shaughnessy, author of "What Works On Wall Street," discovered that using a relative-strength-based system would have beaten the market by an average of 3.7 percentage points per year over the last 83 years.
To put that into perspective, that performance would have turned any $10,000 invested into more than into more than $572 million.
The market would have only turned that $10k into about $38 million -- nearly 15x less than a relative-strength-based system.
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